PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PREDNISOLONE AND DEXAMETHASONE AND THEIR EFFECT ON CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D METABOLISM IN LABORATORY ANIMALS

In recent years, there has been a significant amount of focus research on the deficiency of vitamin/hormone D, a thorough examination has been carried out regarding recommendations, guidelines, and treatments. Furthermore, vitamin D has been firmly established as a hormone in numerous enzymatic, metabolic, physiological, and pathophysiological processes that impact various organs and systems within the human body. The growing attention to this topic is due to the common occurrence of mild to severe vitamin D deficiency on a global scale. It is widely acknowledged that maintaining optimal vitamin D levels is crucial for the health of bones, muscles, overall well-being, and the effectiveness of treatments aimed at preventing bone loss and promoting bone formation. Currently, vitamin D, along with vitamin D supplementation, is being used to increase vitamin D levels and correct deficiencies. This review delves into the established and emerging principles regarding the metabolism of vitamin D/hormone D, sources in the diet, concerns about deficiency, as well as the various types of vitamin D supplements available in the market and the optimal strategies for their use. Moreover, research involving knockout and transgenic mice has offered fresh perspective on the biological function of vitamin D in traditional target tissues, in addition to showcasing the possible non-skeletal impacts of 1,25(OH)2D3 such as hindering cancer advancement, influencing the cardiovascular system, and modulating the immune response in specific autoimmune conditions. Several discoveries on a molecular level in mouse models have mirrored results seen in human subjects. The recognition of comparable pathways in humans holds the potential for the creation of innovative treatments for disease prevention and management.